4D Printed Shape Morphing Biocompatible Materials Based on Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles

Shape morphing materials, especially those fabricated by 4D printing, are gaining much attention due to their versatility of actuation and capability being programmed in advance. These materials become particularly interesting for biomedical applications where implant could be remotely actuated, exerting a force on the surrounding tissues cells. However, this field have been restricted biocompatibility character required stimuli, generally not compatible with physiological environments. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent great opportunity end; however, results uniform movement toward magnet that requires anchoring object. Here, first time, application anisotropic Fe3O4 MNPs is described, synthesized novel easy route, can aligned pre-defined patterns within objects printed digital light processing, resulting actuated (4D printing). (178 nm × 55 nm), show good when directly seeded top human mesenchymal stem cells, despite uptaken. Most importantly, alignment tune nanocomposite complex movements attraction or repulsion depending direction applied magnetic field.